The polysaccharides have, however, been extensively studied (Ghildyal et al., 2010). Triterpenoids (Djoukeng et al., 2005) and essential oil constituents (Noudogbessi et al., 2008) have been reported from the leaves, and ellagic acid derivatives have been found in the stem bark (Djoukeng et al., 2007). The bark is reported to be used against chronic diarrhea (Kisangau et al., 2007) and chest pain (de Boer et al., 2005) in Tanzania and against malaria in Congo (Kasali et al., 2014).ĭespite the widespread use of this tree in Africa, relatively little is known about its secondary metabolites. guineense leaves together with leaves of Jatropha curcas are used against diabetes (Gbolade, 2009). Different plant parts, such as roots, leaves, bark and fruits are commonly used in Africa: Leaves are used for malaria treatment (Ssegawa and Kasenene, 2007), against stomach ache and ringworm, and in the treatment of wounds (Hamill et al., 2000) in Uganda, against infections in Guinea (Magassouba et al., 2007), and against herpes zoster in Namibia (Chinsembu and Hedimbi, 2010). The tree is common in Sub-Saharan Africa and is valuable due to its medicinal properties (Burkill, 1997). Local names include kuri, konyume (Bambara), kokisa (Bambara, Malinke), dugutaga (Minyanka), sukomon (Senoufo), dîbî (Bobo-fing), and alukile (Dogon) (Eklu-Natey and Balet, 2012). (The Plant List, 2015), but no references to chemistry or biological activity have been found for these synonym names. ex Laness., Syzygium fourcadei (Dummer) Burtt Davy and Syzygium fleuryi A.Chev. Several synonyms are reported for this plant, such as Calyptranthes guineensis Willd., Calypthranthes guineense Willd., Eugenia fourcadei Dummer, Eugenia guineensis (Willd.) Baill. Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC., family Myrtaceae, is an evergreen tree or bush with edible fruits, up to 12–15 m in height (Arbonnier, 2004). The methanol extract was non-toxic to Artemia salina nauplii. Among the isolated compounds, pentagalloylglucose was the best enzyme inhibitor (IC 50 25±4 μM for 15-lipoxygenase, 8☑ μM for xanthine oxidase), while casuarictin (IC 50 3.9☐.1 μM), casuarinin (IC 50 4.5☐.3 μM) and pentagalloylglucose (IC 50 5☑ μM) showed the highest radical scavenging activity.
![binin mestrenova binin mestrenova](https://www.mdpi.com/metabolites/metabolites-06-00036/article_deploy/html/images/metabolites-06-00036-g004.png)
![binin mestrenova binin mestrenova](https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0039914021007335-gr4.jpg)
The crude methanol extract was active as a radical scavenger and as an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase and 15-lipoxygenase. These ten polyphenols are all new for the species. From the methanol leaf extract, the flavonoids gallocatechin ( 1 ), myricetin ( 2), myricetin-3- O-glucoside ( 3), myricetin-3- O-rhamnoside ( 4), myricetin-3- O-glucuronide ( 5) and myricetin-3- O-β-D-(6″-galloyl)galactoside ( 6 ), the gallotannins 1,2,3,6-tetra- O-galloyl-β-D-glucose ( 7) and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose ( 8 ), and the ellagitannins casuarictin ( 9) and casuarinin ( 10 ) were isolated. There was little consensus about the use in the different districts.
![binin mestrenova binin mestrenova](http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_-MfflvAgRls/St-UoKIhucI/AAAAAAAAAgM/Tzp-FliKYd8/s280/Misalignment.jpg)
Major uses by Malian healers were against dermatosis, pain, malaria/fever and for wound healing.